Write custom validators

Semgrep Secrets uses proprietary validators to determine if a secret is actively being used. Validators are included in the rules that Semgrep Secrets uses. This article walks you through the syntax required to write your own custom validators.

NOTE

The syntax for Semgrep Secrets validators is experimental and subject to change.
Semgrep currently supports validation using HTTP and HTTPS.

Sample validator

validators:
- http:
    request:
      headers:
        Authorization: Bearer $REGEX
        Host: api.semgrep.dev
        User-Agent: Semgrep
      method: GET
      url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user
    response:
    - match:
      - status-code: 200
      result:
        validity: valid
    - match:
      - status-code: 401
      result:
        validity: invalid

See a validator in the context of a full rule.

rules:
- id: exampleCo_example
  message: >-
    This is an example rule that performs validation against semgrep.dev
  severity: MEDIUM
  metadata:
    product: secrets
    secret_type: exampleCo
  languages:
  - regex
  validators:
  - http:
      request:
        headers:
          Authorization: Bearer $REGEX
          Host: api.semgrep.dev
          User-Agent: Semgrep
        method: GET
        url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user
      response:
      - match:
        - status-code: 200
        result:
          validity: valid
      - match:
        - status-code: 401
        result:
          validity: invalid
  patterns:
  - patterns:
    - pattern-regex: (?<REGEX>\b(someprefix_someRegex[0-9A-Z]{32})\b)
    - focus-metavariable: $REGEX
    - metavariable-analysis:
        analyzer: entropy
        metavariable: $REGEX

Syntax

validator

Key	Required	Description
validator	Yes	Used to define a list of validators within a Semgrep rule.

type

Key	Required	Description
http	Yes	Indicates that the request type is `http`.

NOTESemgrep only supports web services with HTTP(S).

request

Key	Required	Description
request	Yes	Describes the request object and the URL to which the request object should be sent
method	Yes	The HTTP method Semgrep uses to make the call. Accepted values: `GET`, `POST`, `PUT`, `DELETE`, `OPTIONS`, `PATCH`
url	Yes	The URL to which the call is made
headers	Yes	The headers to include with the call
body	No	The body used with `POST`, `PUT`, and `PATCH` requests

Subkeys for `headers`

The following keys are for use with headers:

Key	Required	Description
Host	No	The host to which the call is made. Only the `url` field is required, but you can override the host if needed
Other-values	No	The request header. Accepts all values, including `Authorization`, `Content-Type`, `User-Agent`, and so on

Example

request:
  headers:
    Authorization: Bearer $REGEX
    Host: api.semgrep.dev
    User-Agent: Semgrep
  method: GET
  url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user

response

The response key is used to determine the validation state. It accepts a list of objects with the Subkeys match and result.

Key	Required	Description
match	Yes	Defines the list of match conditions.
result	Yes	Defines the validity. Accepted values: `Valid`, `Invalid`

Subkeys for `match`

Match accepts a list of objects. No specific key is required, but at least one key must be present.

Key	Description
status-code	The HTTP status code expected by Semgrep Secrets for it to consider the secret a match
content	The response body; you can inspect it for a specific value to determine if the request is valid. An example of where this is useful is when both invalid and valid responses return the same status code
headers	Accepts a list of objects with the keys name/value they must be exact values

Subkeys for `result`

Key	Required	Description
validity	Yes	Sets the validity based on the HTTP status code received. Accepted values: `valid` and `invalid`
message	No	Used to override the rule message based on the secret’s validation state
metadata	No	Used to override existing metadata fields or add new metadata fields based on the secret’s validity state
severity	No	Used to override the existing rule severity based on the validation state

Use severity in the result to set finding severity based on validation status. For example, if the secret is invalid, the severity may be MEDIUM or LOW.

Subkeys for `content`

Key	Required	Description
language	Yes	Indicates the pattern language to use; this must be `regex` or `generic`
pattern-regex	Yes	Defines the regular expression used to search the response body. Alternatively, you can use the `patterns` key and define patterns as you would for rules

Example

response:
- match:
  - status-code: 200
  - content:
      language: regex
      pattern-regex: (\"ok\":true)
    status-code: 200

Sample rules with validators

Sample POST request

rules:
- id: exampleCo_example
  message: >-
    This is an example rule that performs validation against semgrep.dev
  severity: MEDIUM
  metadata:
    product: secrets
    secret_type: exampleCo
  languages:
  - regex
  validators:
  - http:
      request:
        headers:
          Host: api.semgrep.dev
          User-Agent: Semgrep
        method: POST
        body: |
          {"key": "$REGEX"}
        url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user
      response:
      - match:
        - status-code: 200
        result:
          validity: valid
      - match:
        - status-code: 401
        result:
          validity: invalid
  patterns:
  - patterns:
    - pattern-regex: (?<REGEX>\b(someprefix_someRegex[0-9A-Z]{32})\b)
    - focus-metavariable: $REGEX
    - metavariable-analysis:
        analyzer: entropy
        metavariable: $REGEX

All fields

rules:
- id: exampleCo_example
  message: >-
    This is an example rule that performs validation against semgrep.dev
  severity: MEDIUM
  metadata:
    product: secrets
    secret_type: exampleCo
  languages:
  - regex
  validators:
  - http:
      request:
        headers:
          Host: api.semgrep.dev
          User-Agent: Semgrep
        method: POST
        body: |
          {"key": "$REGEX"}
        url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user
      response:
      - match:
        - status-code: 200
        - content:
            language: regex
            pattern-regex: (\"role\":admin)
        result:
          validity: valid
          severity: ERROR
          message: >-
            The token exposed is for an admin user, and this should be fixed immediately!
            See https://howtorotate.com/introduction/key-rotation-101/ on how to
            rotate secrets and https://blog.gitguardian.com/what-to-do-if-you-expose-a-secret/
            on how to look for suspicious activity.
          metadata:
            context:
              - admin: true
      - match:
        - status-code: 200
        result:
          validity: invalid
  patterns:
  - patterns:
    - pattern-regex: (?<REGEX>\b(someprefix_someRegex[0-9A-Z]{32})\b)
    - focus-metavariable: $REGEX
    - metavariable-analysis:
        analyzer: entropy
        metavariable: $REGEX

Base64 encoding

You can use Base64 encoding by leveraging the __semgrep_internal_encode_64(...) utility. Base64 encoding can be applied to the following fields:

url
body
header values

NOTEThe Base64 encoding of fields is experimental and can change at any time.

Sample Semgrep rule with validator using Base64 encoding

rules:
- id: exampleCo_example
  message: >-
    This is an example rule that performs validation against semgrep.dev
  severity: MEDIUM
  metadata:
    product: secrets
    secret_type: exampleCo
  languages:
  - regex
  validators:
  - http:
      request:
        headers:
          Authorization: Basic __semgrep_internal_encode_64($REGEX:)
          Host: api.semgrep.dev
          User-Agent: Semgrep
        method: GET
        url: https://api.semgrep.dev/user
      response:
      - match:
        - status-code: 200
        result:
          validity: valid
      - match:
        - status-code: 401
        result:
          validity: invalid
  patterns:
  - patterns:
    - pattern-regex: (?<REGEX>\b(someprefix_someRegex[0-9A-Z]{32})\b)
    - focus-metavariable: $REGEX
    - metavariable-analysis:
        analyzer: entropy
        metavariable: $REGEX

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References

Write custom validators

Sample validator

Syntax

validator

type

request

Subkeys for `headers`

Example

response

Subkeys for `match`

Subkeys for `result`

Subkeys for `content`

Example

Sample rules with validators

Base64 encoding

​Sample validator

​Syntax

​validator

​type

​request

​Subkeys for headers

​Example

​response

​Subkeys for match

​Subkeys for result

​Subkeys for content

​Example

​Sample rules with validators

​Base64 encoding

Sample validator

Syntax

validator

type

request

Subkeys for `headers`

Example

response

Subkeys for `match`

Subkeys for `result`

Subkeys for `content`

Example

Sample rules with validators

Base64 encoding